Acute Myocardial Infarction Overview

Health Apr 29, 2025 17 Add to Reading List

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly blocked, leading to tissue damage or necrosis. This is typically due to the sudden obstruction of a coronary artery. Common symptoms include chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, sweating, and sometimes nausea. Diagnosis is primarily made using an electrocardiogram (ECG) and specific blood tests to detect cardiac biomarkers.

Treatment usually involves a combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, nitrates, beta-blockers, statins, and reperfusion therapy. For ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), emergency intervention is critical and may involve fibrinolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is generally treated with PCI or CABG as well.

AMI remains one of the leading causes of mortality in industrialized nations. It is typically categorized into STEMI and NSTEMI. Although unstable angina resembles NSTEMI in clinical presentation, it differs by the absence of elevated cardiac biomarkers.

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Epidemiological Segmentation (2020–2034, 7MM)

Total Incident Cases
Incident Cases by Type (STEMI/NSTEMI)
Gender-specific Incident Cases

Epidemiological Insights

In 2023, the United States reported around 822,800 new AMI cases. This number is projected to rise by 2034.
Japan recorded approximately 45,700 STEMI and 34,500 NSTEMI cases in 2023.
Across the EU4 and the UK, there were around 930,900 cases in men and 537,500 in women in 2023.

Acute Myocardial Infarction Market Overview

The total market size for AMI in the 7MM reached an estimated USD 1.6 billion in 2023.

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Market Growth Drivers

Increased public awareness of cardiovascular risks and the benefits of early intervention.
Technological improvements in diagnostics, including advanced imaging and biomarker detection.
Wider access to cutting-edge treatments such as thrombolysis, stenting, and minimally invasive procedures.
Personalized medicine approaches, leveraging genomic and biomarker data to tailor treatments.
Enhanced patient education and preventive care initiatives to reduce risk factors.

Market Barriers

High costs associated with advanced treatments and extended hospital care.
Delayed diagnosis due to unrecognized symptoms or limited health literacy.
Restricted access to cardiology services in underserved or rural areas.
Risk of recurrent events and long-term complications complicating patient recovery.
Regulatory and approval delays impacting the rollout of innovative therapies and devices.